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Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. Melatonin is highly conserved and is a non-receptor free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant. Melatonin helps prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver, brain, myocardium, intestine, and kidney.
Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work?
Uses of Melatonin.
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. Melatonin is highly conservative and is a non-receptor free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant. Melatonin helps prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver, brain, myocardium, intestines and kidneys. Melatonin can be widely used in health foods, medicines, various cosmetics, and nourishing care products.
Functions of Melatonin
Melatonin Synthesis
Currently, chemical synthesis is the primary source of melatonin. This method is relatively mature and produces high-purity melatonin. Zang et al. reviewed numerous synthetic routes for melatonin from an industrial perspective. For example, 5-methoxytryptamine can be treated with acetic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature to obtain an N,N-bisacylated derivative, which is then converted in alkaline solution with a yield of up to 80%.
Based on the structural characteristics of melatonin, the indole ring is the core of melatonin. Its synthetic routes can be divided into two categories based on the starting materials: ring-building synthesis and ring-borrowing synthesis. The former is synthesized from simple starting materials containing a benzene ring, while the latter is synthesized from starting materials containing an indole ring. Ring-borrowing synthesis has fewer steps and a clear advantage.
Why does melatonin help with sleep? What precautions should be taken when using it?
Melatonin is commonly found in animals. It has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and reacts with hydroxyl and peroxyl free radicals. Melatonin has been found in many animals, from single-celled organisms to vertebrates. The pineal gland cells extract tryptophan from the blood and undergo a series of biochemical reactions to synthesize melatonin. Tryptophan is used as a raw material and undergoes hydroxylation, decarboxylation and methoxylation to finally form melatonin.
Product Method of Bulk Melatonin Powder.
Melatonin exists in the pineal gland of the mammalian brain. The general method is to freeze-dry the pineal gland of the bovine brain, grind it into powder, remove fat with petroleum ether, mix it with deionized water to form a slurry, centrifuge it, take the supernatant, extract it with an equal volume of ethyl acetate, and vacuum dry the extract to obtain a white crude melatonin, which is then recrystallized to obtain a fine product.
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